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February 26 / Fate as the DJ: Parallel Grooves
Some of the more interesting variations that can occur during vinyl manufacturing occur while the master plates are being cut. While a normal record's grooves consist of one continuous spiral, the only strict limitations on how the grooves can be cut lie in the standards imposed by the turntable. One innovation that I've discovered in researching unique records is the practice of cutting two or more parallel grooves into the same side of a record. In the case of a two-grooved record, when the needle is dropped you may hear one of two entirely different 'sides.'
This practice cuts the time available per side down by a facter of n (n being the number of parallel grooves). For example, suppose a one grooved record can hold 20 minutes of music. A two-grooved record can in turn hold 10 minutes of music in each groove, which adds up to 20 minutes for the side. Sticklers who want to know exactly how much an LP can hold per side might be interested to learn that it's variable:
"Generally speaking, each side of an LP should not exceed around 20 to 25
minutes to maintain an ideal signal to noise ratio. To manufacture longer play times, more grooves must be put on the vinyl,
and the overall volume has to be lowered and the dynamics compressed. This allows the groove to be physically smaller, but also lowers the signal to noise ratio."
I've done a bit of research on this variety of record and have thus far been unable to track down a definitive 'first' record to employ the technique. Collectors of 78 RPM records in the newgroups maintain that this was done 'a lot' in the 30's and 40's. In the limited reading I've done on the topic, the most cited example (by far) is Monty Python's 'Matching Tie and Handkerchief' album.
I went to Ann Arbor's vinyl repository, Encore Records to see if I could pick up a copy so I could experience the double groove in question. Sure enough, there amongst the comedy section in the back, I found a copy (Albeit sans 'Tie and Handkerchief'). I brought the record home and experienced the parallel groove in all its glory. I showed it to friends, sometimes taking up to seven tries to hit the alternate groove. Patience was tried, glory was had.
In every newsgroup post on the topic, someone mentions this record:
"I had this album for months before I heard the third side. I never could
figure out why the second side seemed so much shorter than the first.
also, the original cover actually came with a tie stuffed into the cover
so you could see it on the outside. Unfortunately, due to costs it was
cut
early on. even worse, at about the same time, they put it into a regular
jacket and used only two sides. i have an original though, i NEVER found
this out until i bought the Monty Python autobiography, very funny!!!"
I've been unable to confirm the 'Real tie' part of the story. Also unconfirmed thus far:
"This phenomenom appeared on a free Monty Python flexi 7", which was given away on the cover of NME
(if memory serves). On one groove was The lumber jack
song, and I think the other was the election results sketch. Forgive me
if
the facts aren't entirely accurate but it was a hell of a long time ago."
It appears comedy records were the 'early adopters' of this technology, as I've also found mention of a Henny Youngman record of one-liners that has four
seperate grooves (Though I'm not sure which Henny Youngman record...), and a National Lampoon LP, "That's Not Funny, That's Sick!" which had parallel grooves on both sides. I've also found a few postings mentioning a Cheech and Chong album that used the groove for more then just hidden storage - it was part of the joke:
"Cheech & Chong did something similar with the "Rip-Off Album". Each side
had two grooves. One groove contained the album, and the other was a groove that went
the entire length and simply said "You've been ripped off" over and
over.
This made it entirely possible that no matter where you put the needle,
on
either side, you could get the second ["You've been ripped off"] groove."
"If memory serves me right, this was accompanied by a huge advertising
and
marketing campaign for the album, which consisted mostly of C&C saying
not
to buy the album, it's a rip off, etc."
...which sounds great in theory, but everyone who mentions this links back to the article quoted above, and I haven't been able to independently verify its existence.
Perhaps the ultimate in parallel groove technology was Mad Magazine's 'It's a Super Spectacular Day,' a flexi-disc included in the 1980 Super Special which featured eight possible parallel-groove endings:
"Halfway through the disc, after the cheerful
intro,
the extra grooves took over and the record played a gloomy/funny
description of possible disastrous events that totally ruin your day.
There were 8 scenarios total and whichever one played depended on which
groove the stylus happened to make contact with - totally random! I had
to
play the thing 25-30 times before I could hear all 8 of 'em! You can hear all eight endings on the Totally MAD CD 4,
'Somewhere
in the Middle Years'."
You can view the lyrics to all the alternate conclusions here, if you're so inclined.
'Real' Music
The parallel groove technique has also made several appearances in the world of 'serious' music, with some using it more creatively than others. I've compiled a list of all that I was able to find mention of on the web:
-
LL Cool J - Goin' Back To Cali / Radio / Jack The Ripper 'Three sided' 10" single.
- Soft Verdict - 7" on Belgium's Collectible Crepuscule label (early
1980s): three parallel groove tracks on the b-side.
-
Kate Bush - "Sensual World" 12" single. One track
contains the standard vocal version and the other an instrumental
version.
-
Fine Young Cannibals - "Good Thing" 12" single (1989). Two different mixes of the same song in parallel grooves.
- M - "Pop Muzik" European 12" single. Double grooved with two mixes. "It was highly
irritating
back then in the late 1970's but now I actually enjoy the randomness..."
-
Sonic Youth - "100%" and "Youth against Fascism",
both 10" singles from 1992-ish on Geffen. Each side has
2 songs, one in each groove. "Maddingly frustrating if you want to hear a specific song."
-
I am Spoonbender - Teletwin 12".
-
Various Artists - The "Music Maniac Gimmick Compilation" (Germany, late 1980's). A two record set with two or three grooves on every side. "A tribute to the phonograph record and the weirdest LP ever. Cut 'trick-track' with 3 parallel grooves on each side, clear vinyl, no labels, spoken introductions, free boardgame and a cover with optical illusions."
-
"The book "Rare Rock" by Tony Rees mentions a Rush promo from the Seventies
that featured six different grooves with six different songs. The name of the record: 'Rush'n Roulette.'"
-
"You're the Guy I Want to Share my Money With", on Giorno Poetry
Systems Records. Laurie Anderson, William Burroughs, and John Giorno each take
Sides 1 to 3, and on Side 4 there are three tracks (one by each artist)
that run as parallel grooves.
Good & Evil / Happy & Sad
I found two interesting records that use the inherent duality of the parallel grooves in the themes of the recordings contained within them. One is a single by Psychic TV (It looks to be 'Je T'aime,' though I'm not positive). Dropping the needle on this parallel groove, one can hear either the Pope or Anton Le Vey reciting their respective credos.
The other is 'Brave,' a 1994 album by prog-rockers Marillion:
"I
don't know how common it is, but Marillion's last album 'Brave' was
released
as a double vinyl LP with the final side existing as two grooves - one
with a '
happy' ending and one with an 'unhappy' ending (its a concept
album...)"
Further Details on 'Brave' Straight from the band:
"The 2LP vinyl release of Brave features a double groove on the second side of disc 2. The first groove plays 'The Great Escape' as heard on the CD, followed by 'Made Again'; the second groove plays 'The Great Escape (Spiral Remake)' and 20 minutes of water noise. This provides 2 different endings to the album story, depending on where you drop the needle."
A bit of research reveals that a full-length movie version of Brave, directed by Richard Stanley, was released in Europe in conjunction with the album. The VHS is currently out of print, but EMI are planning to release a DVD version in the summer of 2004. The only review on the imdb entry for the movie reveals the plot:
"Brave was Marillion's seventh studio album, their third with Steve Hogarth. It was that most unfashionable of products, a concept album from a prog-rock outfit in the early 90's."
"The story was complete invention, starting from a real event; the police found a young woman wandering on a motorway bridge. She couldn't or wouldn't tell them anything. From this starting point, the group wove a story which covered abuse by her father as a child, moving on into drug abuse and a few other events leading to her being on the bridge, contemplating suicide."
"The film is an interpretation of the story, with the co-operation of the band - although they feature only in passing on screen. This film is about as far from MTV video as it's possible to get!"
"The story is mostly told via the images and Marillion's music - there is little dialogue. As such, I feel the film is something of a curate's egg; some of it works really well, while others need more explanation. The scenes with the Hollow Man (the man in the mask) could do with something extra, since it's not really clear if this is simply a barrier the girl erects to protect her from people who hurt her, a cipher that means these people are interchangeable, or something else entirely."
"Not a bad effort, but not brilliant, either. If you're unfamiliar with the original album, be prepared to be baffled the first couple of times through."
Fun & Games
The novelty of the parallel groove technique seems ideal for use on children's records, but I found information on only a few. What I did find was vague at best. One poster in the rec.music.collecting.vinyl newsgroup remembers a 'changing story' 78, with multiple 'switching points' where new parallel grooves would begin:
"When I was a child in the early '50s I had a Bugs Bunny 78 that had two
grooves per side, with two track regions per side, with a break between
them. When the tone arm was put down the needle would fall into one of
the
two tracks; then at the break in the middle it would again select one of
the two tracks of the second region. So the choices at each of the four
sections on both sides were 2-2-2-2, for a total of 16 possible
variations
in the story being told. It was great fun to keep changing the story.
But
the record quickly wore a prefered path between the first and second
track
regions in the middle, which reduced the randomness to 2-1-2-1, or only
four variations. So we learned to pick up the tone arm at the middle
transition and restore it to regain the lost randomness. Alas, the
record
has been gone since the mid-'50s. This was a phonograph version of
stories
that had multiple choices within them as they jumped around different
pages. My own children loved those when they were young; they were
a
favorite from the library."
A few other children's records of this sort that I've seen mentioned:
"I have a few 50s kiddie 45s where they did this sort of thing. The two off the
top of my head that I have are "Engineer Bill's Magic Record" on Mark 56 and
"The Chariot Race Game" on RCA from the late 50s."
"I'm not positive, but I even think that Decca put out at least one of these on
their yellow/pink 88000 kiddie series in the early 50s."
Another application of parallel grooves was in games. I've found a few vague mentions of horse racing games using multiple grooved records:
"At a garage sale years ago, I saw a bizarre
"Horseless Horse Racing" family game. It consisted of fake racing forms
and, of course, another of those multi-grooved records. Each groove
featured a different victorious horse & bets were placed on them all. The rest is obvious..."
~*~
If you can fill in any of the blanks above, or are aware of any other records that have parallel grooves, let me know either via email or in the comments to this post. I plan on editing this post as I receive / discover new parallel groove records.
Also, 'Parallel Groove' is a good name for a funk band. So is 'Concentric Groove.'
Comments
|
I used to have a Psychic TV 7" that played in the parallel groove manner:
drop the needle and get Genesis P Orridge, drop the needle and get Jim Jones,
Charles Manson or William Burroughs. I don't think I ever heard the whole
thing as every needle drop was a new track, at least for the 5 minute duration.
I also remember a Jamaican reggae 12" that was so cheap and thin that when
you play it, you heard *the music from the other side* coming through!!!!!!
Hard to believe, yeah....
|
/ Thursday, Feb 26 / 4:24 PM
|
speaking of interesting grooves, my roommate has an out-of-print orchid/jeromes dream split where all the songs are on one side. the strange thing about this record is that the grooves start in the middle of the record, with the ordchid songs playing towards the inside of the record and the jerome's dream songs playing towards the outside. also, the record is cut into a skull shape and there is a glow-in-the-dark silkscreen on the flipside. someone's selling a copy on ebay here if you want to have a look at it: http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=2598453815&category=45550. |
tay / Friday, Feb 27 / 3:03 AM
|
[notes from Macros2000 #7]
In 1959, DeSylco, Inc, produced a record called "Sandy Becker[1] Calls Bingo" with parallel grooves which was called a "Secret Spiral Record" (the Bingo record also advertises a "Secret Spiral Baseball Record"). It has four grooves on each side of the record. Based on this randomizer, the record purports to offer "over 4,000 combinations" of numbers.[2]
[1] Sandy Becker was a CBS broadcast announcer ("Young Doctor Marlow," "Take It Or Leave It," "The Shadow"), did advertising work, and was the host of several TV shows, including the first season of the _six-hour_ "Wonderama" children's program.
[2] Secret Spiral Bingo is sort of a "subset" of regulation bingo. There are only 60 numbers, whereas with regular bingo you get 72 (the record cover shows a regular typical bingo board with numbers going beyond 60, but it is a cheap and sad lie; in addition, the text on the cover says "combinations" when it should say "permutations"). Regular bingo has many more permutations of numbers - you start with 72, then on the next turn it's 72 * 71, etc ... so for each turn, the number of permutations is 72! / (72 - n)! In Secret Spiral Bingo, Mr. Becker is "calling" the numbers in pre-arranged bands of ten. There are three bands per side x one side (according to the rules, you're not supposed to flip the record until you've played all the bands on one side) x four grooves which equals 12 permutations per needle drop. But for each needle drop, you're eliminating the other three grooves for the band, so the number of permutations is (4 ^ (3! / (3 - n)!)), until you flip the record over, and n "resets" to 1 again (is anyone still reading this?):
Turns # of permutations, Secret Spiral Bingo
1-10 12
11-20 96
21-30 384
(flip record over)
31-40 4608
41-50 36864
51-60 147456
I don't understand where this "over 4000" crap comes from. Sure, 147456 permutations is over 4000, but it's also OVER ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND PERMUTATIONS!!!111!!1 By turn 60 in regular Bingo, there are 1.2783e+95 permutations (72! / (72 - 60)!). Which is a lot more. Tons. Almost a google. |
Cardhouse PARALLEL GROOVE HEADQUARTERS / Thursday, Mar 4 / 4:07 AM
|
Seems you missed the most common use of this trick -- All of those 'pull the string to hear a saying' dolls had one of these multi-track disks inside. The one I 'liberated' was about 3 inches across, and made of thick, hard plastic. |
Bitman / Friday, Mar 19 / 2:52 PM
|
Another one for the list of parallel groove oddities:
A label called COOP - who I haven't head of since - released a parallel cut compilation in 1995 (or '96) called Shared Stereo, squeezing 12 tracks by bands from Glasgow, Scotland onto a 7".
From the sleeve and insert:
"Listen to each speaker separately by using your balance knob or by unplugging the opposite speaker!"
"Well, I hope you enjoy this record. You may have a festival type experience while listening to it, i.e. when one track ends you'll hear music going on somewhere else. You may even hear music going on somewhere else in the middle of a track! We at COOP hope this heightens your enjoyment of our product."
Thanks for reminding me of it - I'm having a nostalgic afternoon's listening. |
Jack / Saturday, Mar 20 / 10:40 AM
|
there was a chris bowden release in the early 90's utilisising this teqnique. freaked me right out when i discoverered it. |
walker / Thursday, Mar 25 / 5:50 PM
|
The first parallel groove record I discovered (now sadly lost to a friend who 'borrowed' it) was a limited 12" of "Birthday" by the Sugarcubes.
The a-side had two Jesus and Mary Chain remixes of the track (Christmas Eve / Christams Day) in parallel grooves on the A-side - a real rarity.. catalog details below:
Birthday Christmas Mix (Limited Edition)
August 25, 1988. [OLI 12 TP 11L]
A: Christmas Eve / Christmas Day - Jesus & Mary Chain Mixes
B: Christmas Present. Petrol [Live] |
devoid / Sunday, Mar 28 / 10:59 AM
|
"The first parallel groove record I discovered (now sadly lost to a friend who 'borrowed' it) was a limited 12" of "Birthday" by the Sugarcubes."
I had that record (not your copy) it's probably still in my parents loft in my old record boxes. Seem to remember it had distorted feedback and Jim Reid going 'Hey-hey-hey-hey' over the chorus on one of the tracks.
Will have to pay me dear old mam a visit and dig it out again. |
Beany / Sunday, Mar 28 / 5:50 PM
|
Back in the old days (before some bastard robbed my flat in Edinburgh) I was a right slave to marketing - picture discs, flexi-discs, gatefolds, etched discs, you name it. I stumbled upon a 12" disc by Kiss (not normally a band I would have anything to do with) with Creatures Of The Night and Rock And Roll All Nite (Live) on one side and "laser etched" autographs on the other. It was crap. |
metrotextual / Sunday, Mar 28 / 9:28 PM
|
Hi - I have two records with parallel grooves which are missing from your site.
The first is the 12" pressing of 'Disco Volante' by Mr. Bungle, track
three - "Carry Stress In The Jaw" is parallel-grooeved with a song
generally known as 'The Secret Song' - the secret song is hidden and not
played should you simply play the 12" from start to finish. But if you
drop the needle in, lo and behold it may appear. Release by Warner
Brothers in 1995.
The second is 'Necrogenometry' 7" by Faxed Head. Two different versions
of the song 'Spanish Rice' are parallel grooved. Release by Amarillo
Records in...... 1994? 1995?
Best,
Chris. |
Chris Groves / Tuesday, Mar 30 / 5:42 PM
|
Hi,
Fascinating article there. I have a couple of other interesting items with parallel grooves:
A 12" single "Fascinating Eyes" by Camilla's Little Secret from 1990. This actually had adverts in NME and Melody Maker that said "different every time you play it!" though that was a bit of an exageration. It contained four different performances of the song, in the form of two parallel grooves on each side, and the labels were the same on both sides so that you couldn't tell which side you were putting on (short of holding it to the light to read the run-out groove), so in effect you got a random choice from four. The song wasn't up to much, though.
Also I have the racing game another of your correspondents mentions. It's called "They're Off!" and comprises three double-sided discs with eight (!) parallel grooves on each side, plus "form guides", betting slips and toy money.
As for the Monty Python album, I'm pretty sure it never actually came with a real tie, just the sliding card pictured in your article. Mind you, it comes with a free record, so who can complain?
Cheers,
Jenny Turner |
Jenny Turner / Tuesday, Mar 30 / 6:28 PM
|
cheers on the round up! The one example I've got is an Underground resistance 12" (Hidden in Plain Sight) That has one side with a paralell groove. The slightest degree of needle dustage spits you from track one to track two! |
Peter A / Monday, Apr 19 / 8:07 AM
|
When I was little I ripped apart one of those alphabet pointer toys (you know, you turn the arrow/hand/whatever and pull the string and it says "A.. Apple!"). It had a little record in it with 26 parallel grooves! The stylus had a plastic cone on it -- no electronics at all. Now they are all electronic, of course. I'm old. Today is my birthday, so I feel even older.
///d@
|
Dithermaster / Thursday, May 6 / 6:38 PM
|
Of course there was never an actual tie in any Monty Python record - the deal is that the label was so cheap that they quickly discontinued the inner sleeve with the tie printed on it, so that the die cut outer sleeve just looked stupid with a white inner sleeve (or worse, the record) peeking out. "Matching Tie And Handkerchief" was claimed to be "the world's first three-sided record" - at least in Python reference books, and yes, later pressings also dropped the trick groove.
Also, I've never heard of the Monty Python Tiny Black Round Thing (Lumberjack Song/Election '74) having abnormal grooving of any sort.
(As soon as I find my reference book on general comedy records, I'll be back for further debunking...) |
Kenny L / Saturday, Jun 5 / 2:43 PM
|
I used to DJ at an indie disco in the early 90s, and used to get requests for Sonic Youth's 100% all the time. My copy of their album was scratched so wouldn't play, so I had to resort to the 10" "concentric groove" i'd also bought. I used to pray no-one would start pogo-ing on the dancefloor or something, as the parallel track to 100% was (iirc) "Creme Brulee", which is rather erm, sedate. |
Andy / Wednesday, Jul 14 / 1:50 PM
|
Yeah, the I AM SPOONBENDER TELETWIN record is called a '3-sided 12" ' by the group, and from what i've read was done for conceptual purposes- they use Duchampian/Cage-ian 'chance operations', so there was an element of chance dictating the group of songs you heard when dropping the needle. also, the title TELETWIN and the 3 sided record idea seems to refer to William S. Burroughs concept of the 'third mind'- ie; when 2 creative minds collaborate, a third mind presides over the end result. i read somewhere that Dustin from the group got the idea after realizing that numerologically, 12" is the number 3 (1+2=3). yes, the record is just as interesting. |
Tabula Rasa / Tuesday, Oct 26 / 5:45 AM
|
Parallel groove records were used a lot in the manufacturing of kids toys back in the 1980s. Before computers were used to make toys talk, they usually came with little record players on the inside that played speech. One toy that I specifically remember was the one with the spinning arrow that you pointed at an animal, pulled the string, and the toy would then say "this is the sound a (chosen animal) makes" and would then make the noise. I took this thing apart years ago when I was a kid, and I can't remember how they calibrated this thing to choose the right groove for the right animal (I'm guessing the big arrow moved the record), but it was funny when the thing went out of whack.
Another toy I had with a parallel groove record was a toy robot which I think was made by Tomy. it had a button you pressed on it's head, and it would either play a siren, or it would talk. I had to take this one apart too, and found a small record player inside. |
Ben / Monday, Nov 14 / 1:23 AM
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if you need one off cuts, containing double grooves, contact us at dr. dub vinylrecording studio - www.drdub.com |
dr. dub / Tuesday, Jan 17 / 8:44 AM
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There is also a "three-sided" 12" by De La Soul. Me Myself and I
Tommy Boy 926 B. It is great. The "3rd" side is called "Brain Washed
Follower". It is very rare at this point in time as it was pressed in
1989. |
Aaron / Friday, Aug 25 / 5:50 PM
|
Nice article!
Someone mentioned the 'pull the string/move the lever' toys...I have a Mattel 'Teach and learn' computer from 1980 that used cd sized white discs to play games (1 per side). An internal IC chip could time sync the rotation and drop the needle at the right track it wanted to play. I think most discs had 30 tracks per side-it used mechanical playback, and had a flat keyboard with inserts (and sometimes game pieces) for its 'software'
I currently own 2 players and about 30 discs.
Also:
The Tomy 'Cosmic Clash' game used a 4-track record for its sounds. |
Eric / Tuesday, Mar 27 / 11:55 PM
|
Fucked Up's Year of the dog 12",from a couple of years ago,has parallel grooves on both sides,which can be quite annoying as you always seem to get the same track.Great article btw. |
John Y? / Thursday, Aug 9 / 8:14 AM
|
I don't have this any more so I don't have the record number details at hand, but I used to have a two-record 78 set on Atlantic Records for Children called "The Ever-So-Many Amazing Adventures of Johnny". Four sides, four grooves per side, for a total of 256 possible combinations. The four grooves converged into a single groove at the end of Side Four, where Johnny's mother wakes him up and he realizes the whole thing was a dream. (The convergence was just an earlier occurence of the common connection of multiples before the trail-off groove, only here it happened in mid-side. God knows what a bitch this must have been to cut.) |
Joseph Nelson / Sunday, Aug 26 / 1:33 PM
|
About 30 years ago, a friend who was a record mastering engineer invited me to the studio and showed me - and played some of - a "Play Roulette At Home!" It was a standard 12" 33 1/3 album, except that there were 38 concentric grooves that each had a different number 1-36 (and 0 and 00)!
He told me it was considered one of the greatest achievements in record mastering technique (not his own, though he did some multi-spiral ones).
Pretty damn impressive! I've never seen one since then, but it would be a MAJOR collector's coup! |
Ron Harris / Wednesday, Oct 3 / 2:43 AM
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UK indie band terrorvision did this with the 10" single of their song 'Easy'.
Side A either played the studio recording of Easy or a live recording depending which parallel groove you got.
It was also on clear vinyl. ace! |
andy / Monday, Oct 15 / 8:51 AM
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